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Managing Jet
Lag
Also known as
circadian dysrhythmia. Refers to a condition in
which rapid travel across multiple time zones
precipitates symptoms of sleep disturbance,
fatigue or daytime sleeplessness and loss of
mental efficiency. In layman’s terms it means
that you are “exhausted and spaced out after
spending a long time in a plane.
Travellers
experience jet lag almost universally. Surveys
have found that 90 – 96% of travellers
experience jet lag. This can affect passengers
and crew.
Jet lag is
usually less severe when you travel from east to
west. It is easier to delay sleep by several
hours than to force yourself to sleep earlier.
This is especially true if it is still
relatively early local time and the night is
just getting started. Jet lag is not a concern
if travelling north to south, but other aspects
of travelling may show similar symptoms.
Jet lag
becomes more severe as more time zones are
crossed. With maximum disruption in the cycle
experienced after travelling across more than 8
zones, or crossing the International Date Line.
There is also
some evidence that jetlag is more severe in
people who already experience some form of sleep
disturbance. On the other hand, people who fall
asleep easily and do not have to adhere to a
strict morning routine, tend to have milder
cases. Children experience the symptoms less
severely.
Other
symptoms of jet lag may include poor
concentration, slowed reflexes, indigestion,
hunger at odd hours, increased irritability,
headaches, muscle pain and decreased resistance
to infection or illnesses. Of all the symptoms
however, dys-somnia persists the longest. It can
last up to a week and some people may require
one day to catch up for each time zone crossed.
Factors complicating jet lag:
Other factors
may complicate jet lag. Some may be travel
related and others not.
Of these, pre
travel stress levels and pre travel physical
condition are amongst the most important.
Dehydration: The air
in an aircraft cabin is relatively dry and is
re-circulated, often leading to a feeling of
“staleness”. This leads to dry skin and nasal
irritation, which may lead to headaches and
susceptibility to colds, coughs or sore throat.
During flight the relative humidity in the cabin
is equal to a dry summer climate. Anyone can
become dehydrated without enough liquid. Rule of
thumb is to drink a litre of water for each hour
in the air. Drink plenty of low sugar fluids and
water.
On Board Stressors:
include, crowding, uncomfortable seats,
distraction that prevents you from sleeping,
changes in cabin pressure, temperature extremes
and increased noise.
Request a
window seat to avoid being disturbed, use an
inflatable neck pillow to relieve stiffness.
Listen to soft music to block out surrounding
noise.
Inactivity: the
inactivity of sitting in a marginally
comfortable seat for hours can be one of the
worst parts of overseas travel. Uncomfortable
clothes and shoes can be another problem.
Inactivity increases the incidents of peripheral
endema, which is the swelling of legs, ankles
and feet. Inactivity leads to a decrease in
circulation. Some airlines provide warm socks to
be worn without shoes. This in combination with
in-seat exercises or walks about the cabin can
help prevent the swelling or deep vain
thrombosis. Take every opportunity to stretch
out or walk around the cabin.
Travel diet: Alcohol
and caffeine have an impact on jet lag. Caffeine
is a stimulant and can affect the body for up to
15 hours after being taken. This can impair your
ability to sleep on the plane. Caffeine is a
diuretic and tends to increase the effects of
dehydration. Alcohol can also worsen the jet
lag. High sugar content drinks affect the wake /
sleep cycle – so water is the drink of choice.
High
carbohydrate snacks rather than high sugar
content snacks are recommended. Take along
snacks from home. Take care if you are not happy
with the preparation of airline food.
Jet lag prevention:
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Adjustment to one’s sleep / wake schedule.
Three to five days prior to departure, local
bedtime is moved to what the bedtime would
be at the destination.
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Some
authorities have advocated photo-therapy – a
bright light to reset the circadian clock
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Eastbound
travellers expose themselves to full
spectrum lighting for 4 – 5 hours in the
mornings after arrival. This allows for
earlier waking and alertness. Westbound
travellers do a similar thing in the
afternoons to allow for a later bedtime.
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Prescription Sleep medications are not
recommended for long-term use. Interactions
with food and alcohol may occur. Of concern
is traveller’s amnesia, a condition in which
the traveller looses time and wakes up in
the hotel room and does not remember getting
off the plane.
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